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Artificial Intelligence (AI)

A collection of articles and resources on clinical applications of large language models (LLMs) and other AI technologies.

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RESEARCH

Original Investigation

AI-Generated Draft Replies Integrated Into Health Records and Physicians’ Electronic Communication

Ming Tai-Seale, PhD, MPH, Sally L. Baxter, MD, MSc et al.

Research Letter

Large Language Model Performance on Practice Epilepsy Board Examinations

Sara Habib, MD, Haroon Butt, MD et al.

Original Investigation

A Multimodal Video-Based AI Biomarker for Aortic Stenosis Development and Progression

Evangelos K. Oikonomou, MD, DPhil, Gregory Holste, BA et al.

Research Letter

Content of Patient Electronic Messages to Physicians in a Large Integrated System

Vincent X Liu, MD, MSc, Pamela Kaercher, PhD et al.

Original Investigation

Quality of Large Language Model Responses to Radiation Oncology Care Questions

Amulya Yalamanchili, MD, Bishwambhar Sengupta, PhD et al.

Original Investigation

Cardiovascular Significance and Genetics of Epicardial and Pericardial Adiposity

Joel T. Rämö, MD, PhD, Shinwan Kany, MD, MSc et al.

SPECIAL COMMUNICATIONS AND REVIEW

Viewpoint

AI Hallucination

Christine J. Colasacco, BS, Hayley L. Born, MD

Editorial

Introducing the JAMA Summit

Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS, Derek C. Angus, MD, MPH et al.

Invited Commentary

Robotics for Emergency General Surgery

Kyle H. Sheetz, MD, Dana A. Telem, MD et al.

Viewpoint

Patient Safety and Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Care

Raj M. Ratwani, PhD, David W. Bates, MD et al.

Review

Academic Surgery in the Era of Large Language Models

Timothy A. Rengers, BS, Cornelius A. Thiels, DO, MBA et al.

Guide to Statistics and Methods

Practical Guide to Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Surgical Education Research

Daniel A. Hashimoto, MD, Julian Varas, MD et al.

OPINION

Viewpoint

AI Hallucination

Christine J. Colasacco, BS, Hayley L. Born, MD

Viewpoint

How Youth Are Interacting With Chatbots

Nicholas Pratt, MD, RN, Ricky Madhavan, MD et al.

Invited Commentary

Enhancing Health Care Communication With Large Language Models

Charumathi Raghu Subramanian, MD, Daniel A. Yang, MD et al.

Invited Commentary

Artificial Intelligence for Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening

Gil Binenbaum, MD, MSCE

Editorial

Transforming Otoscopy Using Artificial Intelligence

Hojjat Salmasian, MD, MPH, PhD, Lisa Biggs, MD

Viewpoint

Voice as an AI Biomarker of Health—Introducing Audiomics

Yaël Bensoussan, MD, MSc, Olivier Elemento, PhD et al.

NEWS

Medical News & Perspectives

How AI Might Improve Cardiac Imaging

Samantha Anderer, Yulin Hswen, ScD, MPH

Medical News & Perspectives

Princeton’s Arvind Narayanan on AI Snake Oil

Melissa Suran, PhD, MSJ, Yulin Hswen, ScD, MPH

Medical News & Perspectives

How AI Regulation and Innovation Can Coexist

Melissa Suran, PhD, MSJ, Yulin Hswen, ScD, MPH

Medical News & Perspectives

New Vaccines and More Highlights From IDWeek 2023

Preeti Malani, MD, MSJ

Medical News in Brief

WHO: What Regulators Should Consider for AI in Health Care

Emily Harris

Medical News in Brief

New FDA Advisory Team to Focus on AI, Other Digital Health Technologies

Emily Harris

SPECIALTY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)
Cardiology
A Multimodal Video-Based AI Biomarker for Aortic Stenosis Development and Progression JAMA Cardiology |
Effectiveness of an AI–Enabled Intervention for Detecting Clinical Deterioration JAMA Internal Medicine |
JAMA Cardiology —The Year in Review, 2023 JAMA Cardiology |
2023 Year in Review and What’s Ahead at JAMA JAMA |
How AI Might Improve Cardiac Imaging JAMA |
Digital Health for Hypertension Management in Populations With Health Disparities JAMA Network Open |
Impact of AI in the Diagnosis of Hospitalized Patients JAMA |
Health Disinformation—Gaining Strength, Becoming Infinite JAMA Internal Medicine |
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SPECIALTY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)
Dermatology
Quest for a More Accurate Diagnosis of Cellulitis JAMA Dermatology |
JAMA Dermatology —The Year in Review, 2023 JAMA Dermatology |
Consent and Identifiability for Patient Images in Research, Education, and AI JAMA Dermatology |
Advances Needed for Diabetic Foot Infections, Experts Say JAMA |
Federated Learning for Decentralized Artificial Intelligence in Melanoma Diagnostics JAMA Dermatology |
The Promise and Drawbacks of Federated Learning for Dermatology AI JAMA Dermatology |
Perspectives and Strategies to Minimize Harm From Melanoma Diagnosis JAMA Dermatology |
Generation of a Melanoma and Nevus Data Set From Clinical Photographs on the Internet JAMA Dermatology |
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SPECIALTY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)
Cardiology
Dermatology
A Multimodal Video-Based AI Biomarker for Aortic Stenosis Development and Progression JAMA Cardiology |
Quest for a More Accurate Diagnosis of Cellulitis JAMA Dermatology |
Effectiveness of an AI–Enabled Intervention for Detecting Clinical Deterioration JAMA Internal Medicine |
JAMA Dermatology —The Year in Review, 2023 JAMA Dermatology |
JAMA Cardiology —The Year in Review, 2023 JAMA Cardiology |
Consent and Identifiability for Patient Images in Research, Education, and AI JAMA Dermatology |
How AI Might Improve Cardiac Imaging JAMA |
Advances Needed for Diabetic Foot Infections, Experts Say JAMA |
Digital Health for Hypertension Management in Populations With Health Disparities JAMA Network Open |
Federated Learning for Decentralized Artificial Intelligence in Melanoma Diagnostics JAMA Dermatology |
Impact of AI in the Diagnosis of Hospitalized Patients JAMA |
The Promise and Drawbacks of Federated Learning for Dermatology AI JAMA Dermatology |
Perspectives and Strategies to Minimize Harm From Melanoma Diagnosis JAMA Dermatology |
Health Disinformation—Gaining Strength, Becoming Infinite JAMA Internal Medicine |
Generation of a Melanoma and Nevus Data Set From Clinical Photographs on the Internet JAMA Dermatology |
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Neurology
AI Hallucination JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
I Read Health Information Online—Can I Trust It? JAMA Internal Medicine |
Large Language Model Performance on Practice Epilepsy Board Examinations JAMA Neurology |
How AI Is Helping to Restore Speech In Aphasia JAMA |
JAMA Network Open —The Year in Review, 2023 JAMA Network Open |
Neurological Illness and National Security JAMA |
2023 Year in Review and What’s Ahead at JAMA JAMA |
Advances Needed for Diabetic Foot Infections, Experts Say JAMA |
Spinal Muscular Atrophy Hypotonia Detection Using Artificial Intelligence JAMA Pediatrics |
AI-Based Brain Aging Patterns in Cognitively Unimpaired Individuals JAMA Psychiatry |
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Oncology
Surgical Performance of Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy and Patient Outcomes JAMA Network Open |
Quality of Large Language Model Responses to Radiation Oncology Care Questions JAMA Network Open |
Oncologist Perspectives on the Ethical Implications of Using AI for Cancer Care JAMA Network Open |
Cancer Care in the Era of AI JAMA Oncology |
JAMA Oncology —The Year in Review, 2023 JAMA Oncology |
Decisional Conflict and Decision Regret in Head and Neck Oncology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
2023 Year in Review and What’s Ahead at JAMA JAMA |
Pathomics Signature for Prognosis and Chemotherapy Benefits in Stage III Colon Cancer JAMA Surgery |
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Neurology
Oncology
AI Hallucination JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
Surgical Performance of Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy and Patient Outcomes JAMA Network Open |
I Read Health Information Online—Can I Trust It? JAMA Internal Medicine |
Quality of Large Language Model Responses to Radiation Oncology Care Questions JAMA Network Open |
Large Language Model Performance on Practice Epilepsy Board Examinations JAMA Neurology |
Oncologist Perspectives on the Ethical Implications of Using AI for Cancer Care JAMA Network Open |
How AI Is Helping to Restore Speech In Aphasia JAMA |
Cancer Care in the Era of AI JAMA Oncology |
Neurological Illness and National Security JAMA |
JAMA Oncology —The Year in Review, 2023 JAMA Oncology |
2023 Year in Review and What’s Ahead at JAMA JAMA |
Decisional Conflict and Decision Regret in Head and Neck Oncology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
Advances Needed for Diabetic Foot Infections, Experts Say JAMA |
2023 Year in Review and What’s Ahead at JAMA JAMA |
Spinal Muscular Atrophy Hypotonia Detection Using Artificial Intelligence JAMA Pediatrics |
Pathomics Signature for Prognosis and Chemotherapy Benefits in Stage III Colon Cancer JAMA Surgery |
AI-Based Brain Aging Patterns in Cognitively Unimpaired Individuals JAMA Psychiatry |
Expand
Ophthalmology
JAMA Ophthalmology— The Year in Review, 2023 JAMA Ophthalmology |
Multinational External Validation of Autonomous Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening JAMA Ophthalmology |
Artificial Intelligence for Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening JAMA Ophthalmology |
Accuracy of an AI Chatbot’s Interpretation of Clinical Ophthalmic Images JAMA Ophthalmology |
Large Language Models and the Shoreline of Ophthalmology JAMA Ophthalmology |
Automated Machine Learning for Predicting DR Progression From Ultra-Widefield Retinal Images JAMA Ophthalmology |
Self-Supervised Learning for Improved OCT Detection of Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 JAMA Ophthalmology |
Automated Machine Learning for Diabetic Retinopathy Progression JAMA Ophthalmology |
Development of Deep Ensembles to Screen for Autism and Symptom Severity JAMA Network Open |
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Otolaryngology
JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery—The Year in Review, 2023 JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
Decisional Conflict and Decision Regret in Head and Neck Oncology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
Transforming Otoscopy Using Artificial Intelligence JAMA Pediatrics |
Development and Validation of an Automated Classifier to Diagnose Acute Otitis Media JAMA Pediatrics |
Voice as an AI Biomarker of Health—Introducing Audiomics JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
Antibiotic Prescribing Prior to Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosis JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
Making Use of AI-Generated Synthetic Tympanic Membrane Images JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
Wide-Field Optical Coherence Tomography to Evaluate Tissue in Oral Cavity and Oropharynx JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
A Deep Learning Approach to Predict Conductive Hearing Loss in Patients With Otitis Media With Effusion JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
Expand
Ophthalmology
Otolaryngology
JAMA Ophthalmology— The Year in Review, 2023 JAMA Ophthalmology |
JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery—The Year in Review, 2023 JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
Multinational External Validation of Autonomous Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening JAMA Ophthalmology |
Decisional Conflict and Decision Regret in Head and Neck Oncology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
Artificial Intelligence for Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening JAMA Ophthalmology |
Transforming Otoscopy Using Artificial Intelligence JAMA Pediatrics |
Accuracy of an AI Chatbot’s Interpretation of Clinical Ophthalmic Images JAMA Ophthalmology |
Development and Validation of an Automated Classifier to Diagnose Acute Otitis Media JAMA Pediatrics |
Large Language Models and the Shoreline of Ophthalmology JAMA Ophthalmology |
Voice as an AI Biomarker of Health—Introducing Audiomics JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
Antibiotic Prescribing Prior to Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosis JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
Self-Supervised Learning for Improved OCT Detection of Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 JAMA Ophthalmology |
Making Use of AI-Generated Synthetic Tympanic Membrane Images JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
Automated Machine Learning for Diabetic Retinopathy Progression JAMA Ophthalmology |
Wide-Field Optical Coherence Tomography to Evaluate Tissue in Oral Cavity and Oropharynx JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
Development of Deep Ensembles to Screen for Autism and Symptom Severity JAMA Network Open |
A Deep Learning Approach to Predict Conductive Hearing Loss in Patients With Otitis Media With Effusion JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
Expand
Pediatrics
Neonatal Phototherapy—The Need to Measure and Document JAMA Pediatrics |
Narrative Play—Promoting Adolescent Health With Interactive Games JAMA |
I Read Health Information Online—Can I Trust It? JAMA Internal Medicine |
AI Simulation of Adolescents’ Responses to Vaping-Prevention Messages JAMA Pediatrics |
JAMA Network Open —The Year in Review, 2023 JAMA Network Open |
How Youth Are Interacting With Chatbots JAMA Pediatrics |
Estimated Childhood Lead Exposure From Drinking Water in Chicago JAMA Pediatrics |
JAMA Pediatrics —The Year in Review, 2023 JAMA Pediatrics |
Recognition of Genetic Conditions After Learning With Generative AI Images JAMA Network Open |
Expand
Psychiatry
Digital Mental Health’s Unstable Dichotomy JAMA Psychiatry |
Age—Not Just a Number in Youth Mental Health JAMA Psychiatry |
Managerial and Organizational Challenges in the Age of AI JAMA Psychiatry |
Development of Deep Ensembles to Screen for Autism and Symptom Severity JAMA Network Open |
AI as a Mental Health Therapist for Adolescents JAMA Pediatrics |
Deep Learning Model for Retinal Hemorrhage Detection in Young Children JAMA Network Open |
Expand
Pediatrics
Psychiatry
Neonatal Phototherapy—The Need to Measure and Document JAMA Pediatrics |
Digital Mental Health’s Unstable Dichotomy JAMA Psychiatry |
I Read Health Information Online—Can I Trust It? JAMA Internal Medicine |
Age—Not Just a Number in Youth Mental Health JAMA Psychiatry |
AI Simulation of Adolescents’ Responses to Vaping-Prevention Messages JAMA Pediatrics |
Managerial and Organizational Challenges in the Age of AI JAMA Psychiatry |
JAMA Network Open —The Year in Review, 2023 JAMA Network Open |
Development of Deep Ensembles to Screen for Autism and Symptom Severity JAMA Network Open |
How Youth Are Interacting With Chatbots JAMA Pediatrics |
AI as a Mental Health Therapist for Adolescents JAMA Pediatrics |
Estimated Childhood Lead Exposure From Drinking Water in Chicago JAMA Pediatrics |
JAMA Pediatrics —The Year in Review, 2023 JAMA Pediatrics |
Recognition of Genetic Conditions After Learning With Generative AI Images JAMA Network Open |
Deep Learning Model for Retinal Hemorrhage Detection in Young Children JAMA Network Open |
Expand
Surgery
Surgical Performance of Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy and Patient Outcomes JAMA Network Open |
AI Imaging Analysis Needs Evaluation Before Implementation JAMA Surgery |
Automated CT Analysis of Body Composition as a Frailty Biomarker in Abdominal Surgery JAMA Surgery |
How AI Is Helping to Restore Speech In Aphasia JAMA |
Modifier 22—Is It All Just a Catch-22? JAMA Surgery |
Predictive Tool Use and Willingness for Surgery in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis JAMA Network Open |
Advances Needed for Diabetic Foot Infections, Experts Say JAMA |
Academic Surgery in the Era of Large Language Models JAMA Surgery |
Practical Guide to Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Surgical Education Research JAMA Surgery |
Improving the Integrity of Surgical Education Scholarship JAMA Surgery |
Expand
Radiology
How AI Might Improve Cardiac Imaging JAMA |
Accuracy of an AI Chatbot’s Interpretation of Clinical Ophthalmic Images JAMA Ophthalmology |
Self-Supervised Learning for Improved OCT Detection of Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 JAMA Ophthalmology |
Impact of AI in the Diagnosis of Hospitalized Patients JAMA |
Radiologic Identification of Pathologic Tumor Invasion JAMA Network Open |
Preoperative Radiological Identification of Lung Tumor Invasiveness JAMA Network Open |
Radiology’s AI Adoption Dilemma JAMA |
Generative AI for Chest Radiograph Interpretation in the Emergency Department JAMA Network Open |
Deep Learning for Cardiovascular Imaging JAMA Cardiology |
Expand
Surgery
Radiology
Surgical Performance of Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy and Patient Outcomes JAMA Network Open |
How AI Might Improve Cardiac Imaging JAMA |
AI Imaging Analysis Needs Evaluation Before Implementation JAMA Surgery |
Accuracy of an AI Chatbot’s Interpretation of Clinical Ophthalmic Images JAMA Ophthalmology |
How AI Is Helping to Restore Speech In Aphasia JAMA |
Self-Supervised Learning for Improved OCT Detection of Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 JAMA Ophthalmology |
Modifier 22—Is It All Just a Catch-22? JAMA Surgery |
Impact of AI in the Diagnosis of Hospitalized Patients JAMA |
Predictive Tool Use and Willingness for Surgery in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis JAMA Network Open |
Radiologic Identification of Pathologic Tumor Invasion JAMA Network Open |
Advances Needed for Diabetic Foot Infections, Experts Say JAMA |
Preoperative Radiological Identification of Lung Tumor Invasiveness JAMA Network Open |
Academic Surgery in the Era of Large Language Models JAMA Surgery |
Radiology’s AI Adoption Dilemma JAMA |
Practical Guide to Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Surgical Education Research JAMA Surgery |
Generative AI for Chest Radiograph Interpretation in the Emergency Department JAMA Network Open |
Improving the Integrity of Surgical Education Scholarship JAMA Surgery |
Deep Learning for Cardiovascular Imaging JAMA Cardiology |
Expand
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Harnessing Artificial Intelligence to Address Oral Health Disparities

Hawazin W. Elani, BDS, PhD, William V. Giannobile, DDS, DMSc

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The Role for Policy in AI-Assisted Medical Diagnosis

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Original Investigation

AI-Generated Draft Replies Integrated Into Health Records and Physicians’ Electronic Communication

Ming Tai-Seale, PhD, MPH, Sally L. Baxter, MD, MSc et al.

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Comment & Response

Artificial Intelligence and Ethical Frameworks in Pediatrics

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Concerns Over Prediction of Kidney Discard and Nonrecovery

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Original Investigation

Generative AI for Patient-Friendly Language in Discharge Summaries

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Invited Commentary

Enhancing Health Care Communication With Large Language Models

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Denial—Artificial Intelligence Tools and Health Insurance Coverage Decisions

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